Charges & reward
The order of transactions in a block doesn’t have an effect on the transaction charges or the block reward. Or vice versa.
Subsequently, after exhausting nonce and extra-nonce and many others values for a transaction order, the miner can range the order of unconfirmed transactions in a block template with out the miner needing any change to the coinbase transaction (at place 1).
As you say, altering the order of transactions means the miner has to recalculate the Merkle root. However till a block is revealed with a particular transaction order, nobody else is aware of or cares about prior unsuccessful transaction orders.
Merkle proof / Merkle path
A skinny shopper can verify if a transaction is in a block with out understanding concerning the contents or ordering of virtually all different transactions within the block.
This is an instance of a Merkle tree calculated from a block of 11 transactions.
da07
┌──────────────────┴────────────────┐
7460 f94a
┌─────────┴─────────┐ ┌─────┴─────┐
b5fb 87fd fcc1 fcc1*
┌────┴────┐ ┌────┴────┐ ┌────┴────┐
0238 5ed3 8fca 1013 ee23 8c51
┌──┴──┐ ┌──┴──┐ ┌──┴──┐ ┌──┴──┐ ┌──┴──┐ ┌──┴──┐
95cd 709b 27ca 1f3c 41b6 a8c0 d20a 281b df74 3e81 3ebc 3ebc*
Supply: Reference 3 beneath. Observe {that a} duplicate hash is inserted if there may be an odd variety of transactions (3ebc*), or an odd variety of hashes (fcc1*) at any stage of the tree.
To show transaction 41b6 is in block da07 we solely want Merkle path a8c0 1013 b5fb f94a. We do not care concerning the worth or order of 95cd and 709b and many others.
da07
┌──────────────────┴────────────────┐
7460 𝗳𝟵𝟰𝗮
┌─────────┴─────────┐ ┌─────┴─────┐
𝗯𝟱𝗳𝗯 87fd ···· ····
┌────┴────┐ ┌────┴────┐ ┌────┴────┐
···· ···· 8fca 𝟭𝟬𝟭𝟯 ···· ····
┌──┴──┐ ┌──┴──┐ ┌──┴──┐ ┌──┴──┐ ┌──┴──┐ ┌──┴──┐
···· ···· ···· ···· 𝟜𝟙𝕓𝟞 𝗮𝟴𝗰𝟬 ···· ···· ···· ···· ···· ····
Observe that we will do that verify with none must know the variety of transactions within the block. From the size of the Merkle path we solely know it’s someplace between 9 and sixteen transactions, however that is unimportant.
References:
- How is a Merkle tree path generated? (stackoverflow.com)
- Why is the complete Merkle path wanted to confirm a transaction?
- Merkle Tree, a easy clarification and implementation (Jeremy Then, medium.com)
